Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Essay - 4153 Words

Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Kate Chopin’s The Awakening should be seen as depicting the discontentment that comes from self-gratification rather than the glorification of delighting in one’s fantasies. Chopin describes the central idea of one who is seeking to please her personal needs and desires and, in the process, neglects to notice how her actions affect others. The protagonist, Edna, is not able to find peace or happiness in the accepted daily life that a woman of her era and social status should have. The fulfilling of her desires could essentially cause social ostracism for her, her husband, and her children, yet she is unable to find repose in living the typical social Victorian life. The final resolve of her â€Å"awakening†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Bloom notes that, â€Å"Edna is even more isolated at the end than before† (9). As the signs of her discontentment become more severe and it becomes seemingly clear to her that she will not be able to have her stronges t desires fulfilled, her suicide proves to be the next step in her spiral downward. I first read and studied Kate Chopin during my first semester of college. The assigned story was â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† and I remember the sense of shock that I felt when I finished it. When I went to the next class to discuss the story, I remember the stir in the classroom as my classmates could not understand how a happily married woman could be relieved by the unexpected death of her husband, to the point that she dies of heart failure at seeing that he is still alive. The students in my class were eager to rationalize why she may feel this way, but were unable to concretely support any of their claims. There were several years between my reading of that first short story and any subsequent stories by her. Recently, I have begun to study Chopin again by reading such stories as â€Å"At the ‘Cadian Ball,† â€Å"The Storm,† and The Awakening. Being a conventionalist, I am intrigued by Chopin’s female protagonists, who seem to totally completely disregard their roles in societyShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1767 Words   |  8 Pageswith experimentation and exploration, followed by personal acceptance, and finally, although not always, societal acceptance. Although we have come a long way on the path of acceptance of different sexual transgressions, the stories of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Tennessee Williams’ â€Å"Vieux Carre,† and Lyle Saxon’s â€Å"The Centaur Plays Croquet† show that this type of acceptance has not alwa ys been the case. Each story plays an integral role when looking at the steps on the path to societal acceptanceRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1871 Words   |  8 Pagesworshipping her children and submitting to her husband. Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, encompasses the frustrations and the triumphs in a womans life as she attempts to cope with these strict cultural demands. Defying the stereotype of a mother-woman, Edna battles the pressures of 1899 that command her to be a subdued and devoted housewife. Although Ednas ultimate suicide is a waste of her struggles against an oppressive society, The Awakening supports and encourages feminism as a way for womenRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1176 Words   |  5 PagesIn Kate Chopin, â€Å"The Awakening†, longing for passion and freedom Edna Pontellier leaves the safety of her gilded cage, only to find that death is her only salvation. In the 1800’s the main role in society for a female was to be a wife and mother, women at this time were the property of their husbands and had little say in anything. Which for Edna was the opposite of what she wanted, she wanted to be free from these responsibilities and to live her own life. Although Edna is not a victim in theRead More Kate Chopins Awakening Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins Awakening Kate Chopins depiction of â€Å"The Awakening† is realistic as she develops Edna Pontellier’s character from a socially and morally respectable individual to an individual that turns her back on everything closest to her as she births her new self-being. Edna Pontellier struggles between her subconscious and conscious thoughts as unusual feelings stir unfounded emotions and senses. Some of Chopin’s characters lend themselves in Edna’s â€Å"awakening†. Through examination of LeonceRead More Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening expresses the difficulty of finding a woman’s place in society. Edna learns of new ideas such as freedom and independence while vacationing in Grand Isle. Faced with a choice to conform to society’s expectations or to obey personal desires for independence, Edna Pontellier realizes that either option will result in dissatisfaction. Thus, Edna’s awakening in Grand Isle leads to her suicide. Edna’s awakening occurs duringRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Awakening1246 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopins The Awakening In Kate Chopins, The Awakening, Edna Pontellier came in contact with many different people during a summer at Grand Isle. Some had little influence on her life while others had everything to do with the way she lived the rest of her life. The influences and actions of Robert Lebrun on Edna led to her realization that she could never get what she wanted, which in turn caused her to take her own life. In the Creole culture, outward affection and expressionRead More Kate Chopin’s The Awakening - The Feminist Awakening Essay2094 Words   |  9 PagesThe Feminist Awakening    Women’s rights have evolved over time; beginning with being homemakers and evolving to obtaining professions, acquiring an education, and gaining the right to vote. The movement that created all these revolutionary changes was called the feminist movement. The feminist movement occurred in the twentieth century. Many people are not aware of the purpose of the feminist movement. The movement was political and social and it sought to set up equality for women. Women’s groupsRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 PagesHeinrich-Heine-Università ¤t Wintersemester 2010/11 Vertiefungsmodul Kurs: American Realism and Naturalism - Short Stories Seminarleiter: Georg Schiller Datum der Abgabe: 16.04.2011 Female Empowerment in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† Anjana Dhir BA Englisch KF, Geschichte NF 3. Semester Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The FrenchRead More The Shocking Ideas of Kate Chopins The Awakening1864 Words   |  8 PagesIdeas of The Awakening Ideas that resist existing social boundaries commonly are rejected at first, because people don’t want to wake up from their reliable lives. Kate Chopin, however, believed that an awakening was in order, and she attempted to open the eyes of society through her novel The Awakening. The public’s reaction to Chopin’s novel was not one of acceptance. Too strong a drink for moral babies, and should be labeled ‘poison,’ was the how the Republic described Chopins work (Seyersted

Is the Dream Act Constitutional free essay sample

The Dream Act is meant to keep upstanding citizens who are in the country illegally to gain access to citizenship with a form of penance. They can elect to go to higher education schools or join our militaries for at least two years. Will we one day be rudely awakened by this dream that has turned into a nightmare? There are two sides to every position and both have valid points that should be understood, studied and processed. Many illegal’s come to our wonderful country to find opportunity, a better life and themselves; in this wonderful country we call The United States of America. This is what America was founded on but yet with a growing immigration problem and lack of opportunities for actual citizens of our fair country has come to light and placed a hold on this bill. Can we handle a rush for citizenship, which would incur expenses and lack of security at our borders; will the loopholes destroy the actual intention of the bill? To every bill and every law there are those opposed and there are those who are for, which side of the coin will you be on? The Dream act is nothing more than an amnesty bill designed to get Latino votes. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Dream Act Constitutional or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page President Obama pushes Dream Act, immigration reform to keep worlds best and brightest in America (NY Daily News, May 2011). The level of requirements to qualify as intelligent/talented are substandard; the highest level of education needed for the Dream Act is a GED (The Dream Act Bill, S. 952, May 2011). The bar needs to be set higher if we truly want the ‘best and brightest’ in America, not lower it. There needs to be a test requirement with a grade limit that must be met for anyone to qualify for the Dream Act. Special provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) authorize U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to expedite the application and naturalization process for current members of the U. S. armed forces and recently discharged members. Generally, qualifying military service includes service with one of the following branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, certain components of the National Guard and the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve. In addition, spouses of members of the U. S. armed forces who are or will be deployed may be eligible for expedited naturalization. Other provisions of the law also allow certain spouses to complete the naturalization process abroad (Immigration and Nationality Act). Military service provides a chance for someone to earn their citizenship and not be just handed to them. Chapter 30 Montgomery GI Bill is available to an active duty service member that pays $1200. 00 into the program. As of October 1, 2011 at full time rate, 9 credit hours or more, a veteran will receive $1,473. 00 a month while they are attending school (VA. gibill. gov). If they participate in the buy up program, for an additional $600. 00 they will receive an additional $150. 0 a month while they are in school. There already are programs out there that works for those that want to earn their citizenship and pay for college. The American dream needs to be earned not given away or sold for votes. There is also the matter of employment and public benefits. The United States is already near ten percent unemployment while having an overstock of human resources. Many educated citizens who are more than qualified in their perspective fields cannot find work. Why would we want to bring in more people if there are not enough jobs for the citizens we already have. There would be no increase in productivity since there are no positions for these new citizens. All we would have created is a higher demand on the government payouts for the unemployed. There will also be a huge potential to increase costs for the government not only with unemployment, but medical and food stamps. The ratio of intelligent applicants to qualifying family members for sponsorship is also severely unbalanced. The fact that not only are we bringing in people and paying for their education when there are no jobs available, and allowing them to bring in their family members means a never ending chain of overpopulation will begin. How are the already struggling taxpayers going to fund not only the education costs of these dreamers, but also the increased demand on the government services budget which is also already strained. We must also take into consideration the highly qualified Americans who will have to come out of high school only to find that tuition costs have skyrocketed, but that they now have to compete with immigrants who do not have to pay anything for school. The American citizens will have to work full time jobs just to be able to afford school and have half the time for studying where as the dreamers who will only need to show up to class. Until there is a surplus of available to educated people in this country, there should not be any more people allowed in. One simple solution to this problem might be to bring in innovators, people who create more jobs. Until the United States can bring its economic crisis into balance, giving away money to educate people for jobs that do not exist is the worst possible solution. There are many pros and cons to be argued regarding the Dream Act as it is extremely controversial; however, looking from the point of view of the young man or woman who grew up in this country as an â€Å"illegal†, the pros tend to outweigh the cons. The Dream Act, which stands for, the development, relief and education for alien minors, would permit certain immigrant students who have grown up in the U. S. to apply for temporary legal status and to eventually obtain permanent legal status and become eligible for U. S. citizenship if they go to college or serve in the U. S. military(Dream Act 2011). Proponents of the legislation suggest that children should not be punished for the choices made by their parents. In a recent state of the union address President Obama weighs in with his opinion of the benefits of the Dream Act, â€Å"I am prepared to work with Republicans and Democrats to protect our borders, enforce our laws and address the millions of undocumented workers who are now living in the shadows. I know that debate will be difficult. I know it will take time. But tonight, let’s agree to make that effort. And let’s stop expelling talented, responsible young people who could be staffing our research labs or starting a new business, who could be further enriching this nation†(B. Obama 2011). Some of the main hot button issues related to this topic are: education, jobs, economy and public benefits. In an already depressed economy one might argue that there is no reason to further burden this country with illegals, that they are a strain on the economy, there are already too few jobs for American citizens, and that schools are already over-crowded. On the other hand, with the strict guidelines of the Dream Act, the young men and women who are eligible for this benefit must prove that they are willing to work hard and be an upstanding citizen. This Act even goes as far as demanding that the applicant be of good moral character. The competition in the job market will give perspective employers a larger field of qualified applicants to choose from. A recent UCLA study estimates that between $1. 4 trillion and $3. trillion in taxable income would be generated for the economy over a 40 year period based upon estimates ranging between 825,000 and 2. 1 million potential Dream Act beneficiaries successfully obtaining resident status through the legislation.

The Public Library

Introduction Rapid development of information technologies, especially Internet and various social changes contributed to the decline of public library usage in the United States and many other countries (Goulding 2006, p. 112). This trend urges these organizations to improve their practices and find new ways of attracting visitors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at describing an imaginary public library that will serve the needs of a middle-sized city with a population of 150,000 people. In particular, it is necessary to identify the major services that it will provide. Secondly, this essay will explain how this institution will cooperate with other public libraries and governmental structures. Thirdly, one has to explain the principles that will govern this organization. One should note that this organization will operate in the environmen t which does not yet exist. This means that this institution will not have to face budgetary constraints as it is often done by public libraries. Secondly, it will work in the environment in which the government fully appreciates the educational importance of such organizations and supports them. The services provided by the public library First, we should say that this organization will be a part of a large library system. The thing is that such networking enables libraries to better share resources and information (Wilson 1992, p. 166). It is particularly important when we speak about books or periodicals. Secondly, these institutions will able to share information about user’s most common requests. As it has been said before, this organization will work in a middle-sized city. Its population will have various educational, informational, and developmental needs and this library will serve these needs. At this point, it is necessary to speak about these functions in more det ail. First of all, this public library will support those people who pursue their education. In this case, one can mention school, college, or university students and those people who want to acquire new knowledge in their professional area (McClure Jaeger 2009, p. 50). The readers of this library will represent various age groups. They will be able to find literature related to their areas of study. Admittedly, this organization cannot be compared to a research library in which a collection is focused on one or two specific subjects. The books and articles stored in this public library will be related to a variety of scientific disciplines or liberal arts.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another type of services will be related to the informational needs of the clients. These needs can very heterogeneous, and it is rather difficult to identify each of them. The readers mus t be provided access to a variety of printed and online sources of information. The staff of this library will also help clients develop their information literary skills. In other words, these visitors must know how to access and evaluate various sources of information and assess their validity (Roman Fiore 2010, p. 27). This issue is particularly important for children and adolescents. On the whole, these skills are indispensible for a modern person who has to cope with information overload. Thus, the employees of this public library must show not only where one can find information but also how it can be done. Thirdly, this library will facilitate personal development of the readers. The visitors will be provided with access to various â€Å"works of imagination† which can include the best examples of the world literature and sometimes even cinematography or music (Dewe 2006, p. 18). This is the practice adopted in many public libraries. In addition to that, this library w ill attempt to increase people’s awareness about health, law, environment, society, and so forth (Dewe 2006, p. 18). In this case, the developmental needs of an individual can be linked to the social problems faced by the community. So, these are some of the services that this library will offer to the clients. There are several distinctive features of this organization that are worth discussing. For example, this library will have a multi-media collection. The clients will be able to request various printed sources, E-books, disks, or audiobooks. The use of multimedia can be of great importance to those people with disabilities, for example, with visual impairments (Barker 2011, p. 9). This public library will attempt to provide opportunities for people, whose problems prevent them from reading printed sources of information. For example, it might be necessary to install screen readers on computers in order to help some of the visitors. This organization will try to pursue t he policies of social inclusion, rather than exclusion. The second aspect is that this functioning of this public library will be based on proper utilization of information technologies. For instance, this library will have a digitized catalog that will help the clients search for books or periodicals. Furthermore, the visitors will also be able to use various online databases. The information technologies will greatly improve the storage and retrieval of information (Carnegie Abell 2009). They will be essential for the effective functioning of this organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Library specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another important peculiarity is the emphasis on self-service (Downes, 2010). The patrons of this library will not have to ask the permission of the librarian when they need to use Internet or when they have to check out books. On the whole, one can single out several t hings which are indispensible for the effective functioning of this organization, namely, multimedia sources, increased use of information technologies, and simplified procedures. There are several rational for adopting these strategies. First, public libraries have to focus on the needs of the visitors rather than bureaucratic rules (Mathews 2009, p. 8). Moreover, these organizations have to keep a close track of technological changes. Moreover, they must try to include every member of the community. This is why it is necessary to adopt the technologies which can help people with disabilities. However, this public library can have these resources only if the local authorities and government in general are willing to support them. The cooperation with political and governmental structures This organization will not be isolated from governmental or political structures. Unfortunately, it is rather difficult to create a public library that will be financially independent of the local or federal government. Therefore, to some extent, this institution will be accountable to governmental institutions, for example, the board of directors who represent the city council. As a rule, public libraries have to report and justify their expenses or explain the reasons for structural changes if they do occur (Koontz Gubbin 2010, p. 24). This governing body will be responsible for decisions related to the general strategy rather than daily operations, rather than daily operations. The main issue is that those people, who are on the board of directors, must be proficient in librarianship and the management of non-profit organization (Koontz Gubbin 2010, p. 24). If they do not have these skills, it is quite likely that the chief librarian and the directors will have significant disagreements. Hopefully, the administrators of this library will be more or less autonomous from political or governmental structures. This autonomy is indispensible for the effective management of th is organization. The second issue, which is also very important, is the political structure of the public library. It seems to me that such organizations must be able to distance themselves from politics.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, they should promote liberal or democratic values; however, they should not be strongly affected by the world of politics. Apart from that, this public library will be accountable to the community, in general. The management of this organization must explain how they can improve the experiences of the visitors and what efforts are made in order to achieve this goal. Conclusion Overall, the public library described in this paper can come into existence on condition that the federal and local governments decide to pay more attention to the needs of such institutions, especially when one is speaking about the funding of these organizations. This essay has described the key features that the public library should have. Among them one can single out the adoption of multimedia, increased usage of information technologies, and simplified procedures. Although, this organization will be accountable to local government, its administrators will have a high degree of autonomy. Hopeful ly, the idea of such hypothetical library can be implemented in a real-life environment. Reference List Barker, D. (2011). On The Outside Looking In: Public Libraries Serving Young People With Disabilities. Aplis, 24(1), 9-16. Carnegie, T. M., Abell, J. (2009). Information, Architecture, and Hybridity: The Changing Discourse of the Public Library. Technical Communication Quarterly, 18(3), 242-258. Dewe, M. (2006). Planning public library buildings: concepts and issues for the  librarian. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Downes, A. (2010). Putting readers first: frontline training in Victoria. Aplis, 23(4), 132-140. Goulding, A. (2006). Public libraries in the 21st century: defining services and  debating the future. NY: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Koontz, C. Gubbin, B. (2010). IFLA public library service guidelines. London: Walter de Gruyter. Matthews, J. (2009). The Customer-Focused Library: Re-Inventing the Library from  the Outside-In. NY: ABC-CLIO. McClure, C. Jaeger, P. ( 2009). Public libraries and Internet service roles:  measuring and maximizing Internet services. Washington: ALA Editions. Roman, S., Fiore, C. D. (2010). Do Public Library Summer Reading Programs Close the Achievement Gap? Children Libraries: The Journal Of The Association For Library Service To Children, 8(3), 27-31. Wilson, T. (1992). Impact of technology on resource sharing: experimentation and  maturity. NY: Routledge. This essay on The Public Library was written and submitted by user Kailynn Salas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Public Scrutiny and Accountability An Ethical Dilemma

Public Scrutiny and Accountability An Ethical Dilemma Brief Overview of Facts and Issues Art Springer was the head of the Bureau of License Enforcement. Springer worked under Anne Trotter, the agency director of the firm. Trotter on the other hand worked directly under the office of the Governor. Springer was given a free reign in his office. In the process, he made a lot of decisions without consultation of his junior staff.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Public Scrutiny and Accountability: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, under certain circumstances, Trotter would intervene and give Springer some directives. These instances were considered as high profile situations (Miller, n.d.). However, even under these instances, the directives that Trotter gave were not different from what Springer would have done. In addition, Springer had no ethical issues that affected his work. William J. Smith held the office of the governor. Governor Willi am was used to getting his way. He also had a habit of getting even with anyone who did not stand on his lines. Smith ensured that all his employees were loyal to him. The idea of loyalty according to the governor meant that all the employees would have to portray his administration in the best light. Working for the Governor came with strings attached. In fact, to be part of the administration, one had to be willing to sacrifice his reputation for the governor’s sake (Miller, n.d.). Springer realized that to survive at the state administration, he had to show his support to the governor. Moreover, Springer realized that Trotter would go along with anything that she thought would be beneficial to the governor. Springer thus began working shortly after Governor Smith was elected. In fact, Trotter, who was head hunting for the best people in the market to head the departments, recruited Springer as the head of bureau of License. At the present moment, Governor Smith is facing a tough re-election campaign and the media is all over the place â€Å"digging for dirt†. Hence, the media presence around Springer’s office has increased by at least 20% (Miller, n.d.). In a meeting, the public information officer cautioned the Bureau Chiefs that they should not let anything to occur within the bureau that the media would deem as scandalous.Advertising Looking for case study on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The governor liked to be surrounded by his supporters despite the fact that in public, he portrayed the picture of a non-partisan politician. Moreover, the governor liked knowing that his administration was behind him. Most of his administrators understood the importance of supporting the governor. It happened that the governor was hosting a gala fundraiser in the state capital. Most of the mid level administrators expressed their desire to attend this event (Miller, n.d.). To facilitate the idea of mid level administrators attending the event, three of the four chiefs decided to hold meetings at the state capital. This would ensure that the mid level administrators attended the event. Moreover, their expenses to and from the capital would be reimbursed. The law is very clear on using the states resources for personal gain. Springer is sure that the idea of the three chiefs is against the law. In fact, his certainty was compounded by the fact that the chiefs have confided in him that there no real reason behind the meetings. In fact, the meetings are just decoys so that the employees can go to the event organized by the governor and network with other state administrators (Miller, n.d.). Springer initially thought that the chief’s ideas were self-initiated. However after, Trotter, he realized that there was more to the case than he knew. From Trotter, Springer learned that he was supposed to go along with the idea. In other words , the director wanted Springer to call his own meeting and go to the state. Springer’s loyalty was put to test (Miller, n.d.). The same afternoon, one of the chiefs, Mike Daniels, asked Springer if he intended to go along with the plan but he dodged the question and tried to point out the dangers of getting involved with such an activity. However, Daniels dismissed his arguments and told him that the media had to be led to a problem before they could actually do anything. PA at Center of Force Field and the Mission of this PA This is a case of ethics and decision-making when an individual is faced with ethical problems. Therefore, to identify the public administrator who is at the center of the field, we have to identify the person who is facing issues regarding to ethics and decision-making. From the article, several administrators have violated several ethical rules and guidelines that are supposed to guide their conduct in office.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Public Scrutiny and Accountability: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, decision-making issues do not hold most of them captives. This is because they have already made their decisions. This therefore leaves Springer as the major candidate who is faced by ethical violations and a decision to make on these issues. Therefore, Springer becomes the best candidate to be placed at the center of a force field. Springer has a tough mission. He has to make decisions on whether to go along with the plan put forward by the director or to act within the law and do nothing. Both these decisions have consequences. If Springer decides to go along with the plan that the other chiefs have accepted, he risks breaking the law. Moreover, he risks being put on the spot light by the media that have intensified their activities around the Bureau of Licensing. On the other hand, if Springer decides to be ethical and act within the stipulations of the constitution, he risks losing his job. Moreover, in an industry where most of the employers do like whistle blowers, Springer risks his reputation among other potential employers. Therefore, Springer’s main mission is to find a solution that would satisfy both his employers and his personal needs. Insights from the Case Questions The case questions present a deep insight into the case under study. To begin with, the main questions with regards to this case requires one to identify the ethical challenges that Springer faces. In the first place, Springer has a choice between showing loyalty to his boss to maintain his reputation as well as his job or upholding the law and losing his job. The ethics demand that Springer should uphold the law. However, ethics is a question of morals and morals may be forced to change with circumstances. Springer is under a lot of pressure to make a decision that may leave him at a position where he is not compromis ed. There is always the tempting factor that since all the others members are involved it may be okay to do the same. Therefore, in order not to lose his job Springer may be tempted to go along with plan. However, if he goes along with the plan and they get caught in the fiasco, it is a known fact the governor would always look for a fall guy and defend himself. With this in mind, Springer is in a tight spot where he will require a lot soul searching to make his final decision.Advertising Looking for case study on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second question demands a course of action that Springer can take. There are two courses of action that Springer could take. To begin with, Springer can collude with the chiefs and go along with the plan. This course would enable him to keep his job in the short run. However, in the event that they are exposed, he will eventually lose his job. On the other hand, Springer can take a different course of action. He may decide to expose the scandal altogether. This might probably make him lose the current position that he holds. However, from a legal and professional view, this is an ethical decision. This, may however lead to his dismissal from office. However, he may use all legal means, including requesting for a body of inquiry to investigate on the issue in order for him to be reinstated to the position that he held. This means that he can sue the governor. Therefore, the most probable and safest course of action would be to make a decision based on ethics. Another question tha t can be looked upon in this case is the demand to know whether the alternative course of action should be discussed with anyone else. Actually, discussing the problem with someone else would be the best decision. Therefore, if I were Springer then I would discuss the question with someone else. In such a situation, the best person to discuss with would be a lawyer. This is because a lawyer presents the best cover in case of job termination. Moreover, a lawyer will offer legal advice on the matters regarding to ethics. Furthermore, lawyers always provide alternative solutions to the problem and methods that one can use to ‘cover his back’. The considerations that will affect Springer’s decision-making include what Springer has to lose or gain (looking at the pros and cons of each decision). Each decision has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, choosing the right decision will depend on the consequences that the decision will yield. To begin with, if the decision is likely to lead to dire consequences, then it should be avoided. On the other hand, if the decision will lead to minor consequences then it represents the course of action. As discussed above, choosing to go along with the director’s plan may lead to only short-term benefits. If the plans go wrong, the resulting consequences may include removal from office, serving a jail sentence and loss of personal reputation. On the other hand, choosing to be ethical is likely to lead to loss of job and loss of reputation among the corrupt. Looking at these two options, the best option to take is being ethical. This is because the likelihood of losing the job will be high but due to the laws and legal restrictions, the probability of being directly fired will be reduced. Moreover, since Springer was ‘head hunted’ from the best the probability of finding another job will be high. If I was in the shoes of Springer and asked to schedule a formal meeting, I probably wo uld have taken the offer. The reason for this decision is that in the case of a formal request, I would have a means of defending my actions. A formal request from my superiors means that they are actually admitting liability hence they will be liable for the consequences that may arise from the meeting. Therefore, despite the fact that I would have ignored ethics, I will have shown my loyalty and kept my job. Moreover, with this decision, I would manage to keep both my job and reputation intact. However, when the question comes down to morality, I will probably have the feeling of guilt. Nevertheless, law and morality are two different things. Since in this question I will not have broken the law, then it may live with the social guilt. After all, when the society is analyzed as a whole, almost no one upholds morality. In case, if the media calls to ask about the appropriateness of the meeting, I can clearly defend my actions by stating that I was requested to attend the meeting th erefore, I had no choice but to abide to the directions of my superiors. Therefore, all the answers can be obtained from the director. Identification of the Stakeholders The stakeholders, in this case, are the people who have an interest in the developing situation. From a plain analysis, there are several stakeholders on the case at hand. To begin with, the State can be considered as the major stakeholder. This is because the case involves ethical issues and the state has interest in matters that pertain to ethics. Therefore, the state has interest in his case since it involves a case where several individuals are willing to utilize resources under false pretence. Another interested party is the governor. The governor has an interest in the case since it may affect his image and public reputation. In addition to the governor, the director, Trotter, also has an interest in the case. This is because the case will affect her work directly or indirectly depending on the decision that S pringer will make. Furthermore, there are the chiefs in other departments. Springer’s decision will affect the chiefs in that they may lose their jobs if Springer makes an ethical decision. Lastly, at the core of the case is Springer. Springer is the man left with the decision making capability. All the outcomes of the case shall depend on how Springer makes his decision. The media remains a stakeholder in this case but only to a small extent. This is because the media is portrayed as the only source that may uncover the activities of the agency. Therefore, to a given extend they have some interest in the agency and this translates to interest in the case as well. Kurt Lewin came up with Force Field Analysis in 1951. This analysis is widely used by many people to make informed decision-making (Lewin, 1951). Moreover, managers and administrators use the force field to make plans and implement changes in the administrative programmes. Force Field Analysis is a powerful tool use d in gaining comprehensive point of view on different forces that act for and against a decision. Therefore, managers may use the Force Field Analysis to simplify the process of decision making in an organizational set up. Force Field Analysis may also be useful to individuals facing tough decisions. A simple form of a force field analysis is a pro-and-con list that most individuals use when making personal decisions. The formation of a force field analysis will depend on the merits and demerits of each decision. Each decision has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, choosing the right decision will depend on the consequences that the decision will yield. To begin with, if the decision is likely to lead to dire consequences, then Springer should avoid it. On the other hand, if the decision will lead to minor consequences then it represents the course of action. As discussed above, choosing to go along with the director’s plan may lead to only short-term benefits. If t he plans go wrong then, the consequences include loss of job, probability of going to jail, and loss of personal reputation. On the other hand, choosing to be ethical is likely to lead to loss of job and loss of reputation among the corrupt. Looking at these two options, the best option to take is being ethical. This is because the likelihood of losing the job will be high but due to the laws and legal restrictions. The probability of the governor firing him will reduce considerably. Moreover, since the director chose Springer from the best, he is likely to take a short time before he gets another job. Force field analysis works best when a small group is discussing the case, especially a group of about four to eight people. The first step in creating a force field analysis framework is to decide on the area that requires a decision to be made. This decision might be written as a suggestion or proposal. All the forces that support the proposed decision should be listed on the left c olumn. These forces drive change and encourage a person to make a certain decision. These forces are also known as the pros of making a certain decision. All the forces that are against the decision are listed on the right column. These forces restrain a person from making certain decisions. After doing this, all the two columns are compared to each other and the one with the most compelling arguments is chosen. Springer decision is highly dependent on ethics. Therefore, at the core of the force field we will have Springer’s ethical decision. On the left of the force field, we will have all the forces that support the idea of a decision based on ethics. On the left, we will have all the negative forces that may try to prevent Springer from making a rational ethical decision. Springer needs to consult a legal team that will assist him in formulating a comprehensive force field. A well-formulated force field will assist Springer in coming making a rational decision. Moreover, i t simplifies the problem by breaking it down to smaller units that can be solved individually. The figure below shows a sample force field that Springer may use to make a decision on the dilemma that he faces. Force Field Analysis Diagram The Problem According to the law, no one is allowed to use the taxpayer’s money for personal gains. Springer’s colleagues have no qualms about using the taxpayer’s resources to attend a gala event organized by the governor. On the other hand, Springer is an employee who has adhered to ethics all through his career. Therefore, he is faced with a dilemma, which requires him to choose between two the options. Therefore, in this article the question is should Springer uphold the law or should he show loyalty to his employer. The problem in this case is with the higher authority (Director and the governor). These two are ‘backing Springer into a corner’ due to matters that relate to ethics. Therefore, the problem in th is case is lack of adherence to ethics and the law. Most of the employees at the agency do not abide to the ethics and code of conduct that has been set by the law. Moreover, they are breaking the law and are demanding the same from Springer. Springer finds himself in situation where he has to choose between losing his job and breaking the law. Springer has to make a decision on whether he will adhere to the code of conduct in his profession or he will join the bandwagon and keep his job. Analysis of the problem Art Springer is in a dilemma because he is faced by a tough ethical decision. As head of the bureau of License, Springer has never been faced with ethical problems. Therefore, when the case of ethics arose, Springer found himself in a tough position. The dilemma arises because his superiors are willing to misinform the public and the state on matters of public finances. The chiefs are willing to call meetings for no good reason. The public will finance these meetings but thi s is unethical since the meetings will only benefit the governor. The problem in this case is arises due to difference in moral standards and interests of public administrators. To begin with, the Governor likes to be surrounded with his supporters. Therefore, he tends to consent to any ideas that would have him around his supporters. The fact that his employees are breaking the law to be around him does not raise much concern. In fact, Springer learned that the governor might be the one who sanctioned the meetings at the states capital. Under the governor is the director who is very loyal to him. Trotter always goes along with what the governor wants. Therefore, she wants Springer to do the same. Moreover, the chiefs of other departments are already going along with the plan. Therefore, this raises a lot of question on ethics of the staff in the agency. How ethical are the people who work for the governor? Most of them are unethical. These employees do not adhere to the code of con duct required in their profession. Therefore, when Springer shows that he is not willing to throw his morals out of the window, it raises a lot questions about his loyalty to the governor. However, Springer’s dilemma shows that, as a public administrator, he is doing the right thing to doubt his colleagues’ commitment to their public duty. Ethic derives its origin from the ancient Greek language, which expressed the idea of morality and conformity in behavior to a certain code. Ethics therefore defines a code of conduct that should be adopted and implemented by management to govern the behavior within a working environment. To evaluate ethics, we have to look at the personal values that a person portrays. This article is concerned with ethical issues that affect public administrators. Most of the countries and businesses in the world have incorporated ethics into their constitutions. Taking the example of Brazil, their federal constitution has incorporated the concept of morality, impersonality, publicity, efficiency, and legality in public administration. The concept of ethics is based on morality. Morality is a principle that leads to the understanding that the service to the people requires more than compliance to the law. Therefore, a public administrator needs to obey rules of the social morality, show good behavior, and have integrity by showing common sense of honesty (Figueiredo Marcos, 2002). Conduct among public administrators should conform to the public demands and social morality. Ethics is a vital element in most legislation. This is because it sets the principles for public administration will follow. Acts enacted in parliaments require that all public administrators should manage public financial resources efficiently, effectively and in an ethical manner. Public administration in most countries requires the highest possible standards of ethical behavior. Ethical management of any organization demands impartiality from the public servants. A public administrator must incorporate procedural fairness, and support equality in employment. Having high ethical standards entails having more than just compliance with the state law and administrative laws. In fact, it needs a culture of decision-makers who base their decisions on justice, transparency, accountability, fairness, and consideration of public interest. Moreover, the public administrator needs to be careful when exercising of the legal duties delegated to him or her by the public. Using these aforementioned concepts on ethics, we can identify who the culprits in this case are. For instance, Governor Smith has several ethical issues. To begin with, the governor is partial. He liked to be surrounded by his supporters despite the fact that, in public, he portrayed the picture of a non-partisan politician. Moreover, the governor liked knowing that his administration was behind him. Most of his administrators understood the importance of supporting the govern or. Moreover, the governor usually acted in his own interest. Springer realized that to survive at the state administration he had to show his support to the governor. Moreover, Springer realized that Trotter would go along with anything that she thought would be beneficial to the governor. Moreover, the governor had a habit of getting even with anyone who did not do his bidding or went against him. Smith made sure clear that all his employees were loyal to him. The idea of loyal, according to the governor, meant that all the employees would have to portray his administration in the best light. Working for the Governor came with strings attached. In fact, to be part of the administration one had to be willing to sacrifice his reputation for the governor’s sake. This character shows that he governor has ethical issues and he is not fit to hold the position. Another person with ethical issues is the director. She does what her boss tells her without questions. Moreover, she int imidates all the other employees who do not work as per her requirements. Both the governor and the director are willing to anything against common ethics. In fact, after Springer confronted the director on the case at hand he realized that there was more to the case than he knew. The director had collaborated with chiefs to ensure that the meetings took place in the capital. Moreover, she expected Springer to do the same as the other director. These factors show that there is an ethical problem in the agency. Most of the employees are affected because top management is affected. Other persons who are affected by the ethical problems are the chiefs of other departments and their junior administrators. These chiefs have no qualms when subscribing to the notion of breaking the law. They accept all the diabolical plans without considering the implications or consequences. Ethical issues are not sources of concern in the agency. This shows that, the agency as a whole is affected with th e issues on ethics except for Springer. Alternative Solutions to Ethical Problems in the Agency To begin with, Springer can decide to resign. If Springer resigns, he may be the only casualty in the whole scandal. This is because he will lose his job while the company will go ahead and carry out its plan. Moreover, Springer’s resignation will not be beneficial to the agency, which is affected by ethical issues. Therefore, Springer’s resignation from his position will only be an act of saving personal image while letting the society rot. In fact, it only solves his problems and not the problem of ethics that must be solved. Another way to solve this problem is for Springer to adhere to ethics and refuse to yield to the pressure from his superiors. However, in such a case the likelihood of losing his job is high. This is because he will have shown disloyalty to his boss who will not be pleased with the idea. It is well known that Governor Smith likes only the loyal follow ers. Therefore, a disloyal employee is likely to lose is position in the agency. Moreover, if Springer decides to maintain his decision based on a moral ground, he will lose the trust of his colleagues like Daniel. The reason being that he will be the black ‘sheep of the flock’. This means that his refusal to accept a plan that everyone else had accepted will be seen as betrayal thus loss of trust from his colleagues. However, by sticking to a moral decision, Springer will have given himself a fighting chance in case he loses his job. This is because if he is fired on the fact that he was nit loyal, he can expose the governor’s lack of adherence to the law and ethics. Moreover, being fired on such grounds can warrant a lawsuit against the agency. Springer can solve the problem facing him by provide an anonymous tip to the media. The media might then conduct their investigations, which might lead them to the core of the case and maybe uncover the truth. This way, the case will be uncovered without Springer losing his job. However, for every alternative there is a victim. In this alternative, the victim is likely to be the governor or the director. The chiefs of other departments may also be included in the list of victims. However, the likelihood of catching the governor as the main victim is low. This is because he has taken the caution to ensure that his employees can take the heat. Therefore, in case of intensive media investigations one of the employees will be taken as the fall guy. Alternatively, Springer can come out in the open report the occurrence to the authorities. By reporting this action, Springer will have acted on ethical grounds. Moreover, he will not compromise himself in the process. Therefore, he may avoid any criminal prosecution that the perpetrators of the fraudulent plot will face. In case where Springer decides to report the case, he must have sufficient evidence to support his claims. Otherwise, he may find himself as the only victim in the case. Cases concerning ethics are usually complicated and can easily be concealed if the whistle blower does not have sufficient evidence. However, if the whistle blower provides accurate information the law is bound to protect him. A good example of such a case was in the newspapers where an employee received benefits because he maintained ethics Public administrators face various ethical issues. Most of the issues faced by managers involve decision-making. Appropriate use of public finance and conflict of interest are the major issues that have been observed in the field of public administration. Usually managers decisions on public finances tend to serve personal interests rather than the interests of shareholders, owners, or the public (Schneider, 2004). The issue on appropriate use of public resources is usually associated with conflict of interest. Public administrators will prefer to serve self-interest rather than to serve the public’s intere st. For example, a manager whose performance is measured on return on investment will usually pick the investment option that serves his or her interests first. If the manager is faced with the option of an investment that benefits the company but reduces his personal return on investment he or she can reject the option. This is because the managers have the power to reject profitable investment options whose return on investment is below the average return on investment of his division. Acceptance of such an investment option may lower the overall return on investment of the division and not serve the manager’s interest. This example shows that accountability in the public sector has become outdated. Identification of a Solution The problem of ethics demands an amicable solution. One of the best possible solutions is implementing reforms. It is generally easier to implement reforms in public administration. However, the reforms present dilemmas to the policy makers. Therefor e, there is great danger that these policy makers may lose sight on what is important and what is required to bring balances in the institutional frameworks. In the case presented above, various alternatives may be taken into account to arrive at a solution. However, each of the alternatives has its casualty. In our case study, reforms are not the only form of solution that are useful. The best solution in this case lies with the analysis of the force field and Springer’s moral. However, best solution in this case is to be whistle blower. Springer should come out in the open and report the case of ethics breach to the authorities. By reporting this action, Springer will have acted on ethical grounds. Moreover, he will not compromise himself in the process. Therefore, he will exclude his involvement in any criminal proceedings that the perpetrators of the fraudulent plot will face. This solution has several advantages and disadvantages. Some of the merits include maintain oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s integrity. All the future, potential employers of Springer will view him as honest, straightforward, and sincere in his approach to professional work. Public administrators must be aware of their role in the society. Therefore, they must maintain extremely high standards of professional conduct. Moreover, they should not tolerate any mode of conduct that may compromise their status. Therefore, being a whistle blower will increase the chances of Springer getting a job with employer who demand honesty. As a whistle blower, Springer will keep his conscience clear. The disadvantage of this solution is that, the political environment and the public sector demands loyalty. Therefore, a public administrator who is deemed as a whistle blower may find it difficult to find a job. If the truth is told, then the world today comprises of more evil than good. Most employers bend the rules to a given extend. With this in mind, employers might find it difficult to tolerate Springer since h e cannot â€Å"bend† the law. Therefore, the overall chances of Springer getting another job will be lower. Another disadvantage, though obvious, is that Springer will lose his job if he opts to use this solution. Losing a job may be disadvantageous to anyone. This is because one loses his source of income. To address this aforementioned disadvantage, Springer has to take legal counsel. The reason for legal counsel is to ensure that he keeps his job. In case he is fired, he has an option of suing his employer. Cases to do with ethics continue to increase in public administration. According to the New York Times, Morgensen (2011) reported a case of an employee who exposed the Bank of America. The court awarded this employee a total of 3.8 million dollars in damages. The employee, Mr. Winston exposed how Countrywide Company failed in observing professional ethics and the law while conducting its businesses. Countrywide wanted Mr. Winston, their former employee, to misrepresent the corporate governance practices in a report. In fact, the company’s president had asked Mr. Winston to write a report countering another report that had expressed concerns about executive pay and succession plan. The problem was that Winston had never come across an extensive succession plan and he refused to write the report. The president of countrywide wanted to terminate Winston’s employment but instead chose to reduce the number of employees working beneath him. When the bank of America took over Countrywide, they fired Winston on the account of being a whistle blower. This case shows the extent to which management accountants neglect ethics while performing professional duties. Wyatt (2011a) also presents an interesting article on how corporate whistle-blowers gains from reporting cases on unethical practices. The fact that the congress and financial market regulators offer rewards to whistle-blowers serves to show just how the management accounting field has abandoned ethics. The study of professional ethics has become increasingly important in the public sector, especially in public administration. Public administrators require ethics due to the nature of their work and the sensitivity of public (Svennson and Wood, 2003). Users of public information, businesses, investors, and the internal revenue department rely on the information provided by a public administrator to perform their duties effectively. Public administrators such as accountants prepared statements, which must be audited to show a true and fair view on the position of the company in the market. Therefore, to ensure that the information given does not mislead the public, managers and public administrators ought to provide information that is valid. Availability of ethics in the field of public administration will enhance the credibility of opinion provided by the accountants. Equally, Governor Smith must embrace ethics. Moreover, any breach in code of conduct must be puni shed severely. Recommendations To solve ethical problems that affect the public administration there is need for amendments in the prevailing ethical rules. Various reasons have been advanced as to why there is need for amending ethics in the public sector. Being a public administrator comes with great power and responsibility. Most public administrators have access to a lot of information and funds that may be lethal for one person to hold. Therefore, organizations have incorporated ethics to prevent misuse of information acquired during professional work. Ethics is a form of security to the public. For instance, the field of information technology requires ethics. This is because computers have led to a significant increase in the abuse of information and fraud. In the banking industry for example, with little information about an individual, the prospect to commit fraud by unethical employees increases. The enactment of professional ethics coupled with policies in public administ ration reduces the chances of fraud. However, the initiative of the public administrator is needed to enhance amendments in the code of conduct. In public administration, ethics is useful in molding behavior and to protect the public’s interests from being sabotaged. Adherence to strict code of contact should be mandatory in the public sector field to provide credibility to the industry. For example, development of ethics in the field of information technology has led to an increase in trading via the internet. Ethics is compulsory to ensure that the public feel safe about their personal information and resources. The most commonly accepted reason for ethics in public sector is to enhance professionalism. The idea of professionalism usually involves having knowledge of what is right to do and the right conduct of an individual. Public administrators with the knowledge of right and wrong will usually ensure that he or she maintains professionalism at all costs. Moreover, ethic s is useful in maintaining an administrator’s discipline (Brown, 2004). Discipline ensures that the public sector maintains a level of excellence that is required by the government and the public. Conclusion This is a case on rational decision-making when faced with ethical problems. The study of professional ethics has become increasingly important in the public sector, especially in public administration. Public administrators require ethics due to the nature of their work and the sensitivity of public. To solve ethical problems, one needs to identify the methods available. Managers use models to simplify the process of decision-making. Kurt Lewin introduced the force field model, which he used in simplifying the problem. However, using this model requires identification of the administrator at the core of the problem. To identify the public administrator who is at the center of the force field we have to identify the person who is facing issues regarding to ethics and deci sion-making. From the article, several administrators are facing ethical issues. However, decision-making issues do not hold most of them captives since they have already made their decisions. This therefore leaves Springer as the major candidate who is faced by ethical issues and a decision to make on these issues. Most of the countries and businesses in the world have incorporated ethics into their constitutions. Taking the example of Brazil, their federal constitution has incorporated the concept of morality, impersonality, publicity, efficiency, and legality in public administration. The concept of ethics is based on morality. Morality is a principle that leads to the understanding that the service to the people requires more than compliance to the law. Ethics is a system of moral principles that governs the accounting profession while conducting their daily activities. With the recent track record in accounting there is need to enhance the controls in the field. In the last dec ade alone, the cases pertaining to ethics have to light. To solve ethical problems that affect the public administration there is need for amendments in the prevailing ethical rules. Various reasons have been advanced as to why there is need for amending ethics in the public sector. Being a public administrator comes with great power and responsibility. For instance, the field of information technology requires ethics. This is because computers have led to a significant increase in the abuse of information and fraud. In the banking industry for example, with little information about an individual, the prospect to commit fraud by unethical employees increases. To solve ethical problems that affect the public administration there is need for amendments in the current ethical rules. Analysts in the field of ethics have given various reasons as to why there is need for amending ethics in the public sector. One of the reasons is that a public administrator has great power and responsibil ity. Moreover, public administrators have access to a lot of information and funds that may be lethal for one person to control. Therefore, organizations have incorporated ethics to prevent misuse of information acquired during professional work. Ethics is a form of security to the public. A moral stand is important to the public since it will increase their confidence in the administrators. References Brown, T. K. (2004). The costly myth of growth through acquisition. Bank Director, 1 (2), 14-19 Figueiredo, C. M. Marcos, N. (2002). Ethics in Public Administration and In The Exercise of Citzenship: The Role of The Brazilian Audit Courts As Accountability Agencies. The Pernambuco Audit Court Case, 1(4), 12-30 Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 9-15. Miller, M.G. (n.d). Public Scrutiny and Accountability: Dilemma in State Administration. The Messenger, 3 (2), 87-99 Morgensen, G. (2011). How The Whistle Blower Conquered Country Wide. B ank Director, 1 (2), 122-128 Schneider, A. (2004). Ethical Decision Making on Various Managerial Accounting Issues. JAMAR , (2) 2, 29-35 Wyatt, E. (2010). For Whistle Blowers, Expanded Incentives. Bank Director, 1 (2), 31-40

Biography of Jorge Chavez

Jorge Chavez was thought to be the country I was born in Peru and was the first hero who tried to jump over the Alps. He crashed on his landing so he did not reach his goal, but his courage and courage was the crucial factor in his career success when he lived. Therefore, in this article we will investigate the performance in Wes' aviation industry and explain how he is fascinated by the aviation industry. Jorge Chavez was born in Paris, Jorge Chavez Dartnell was born in Paris, France on 13th June 1887. Cesar Chavez Cesar Chavez was born in a small town near Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927. Cesar was born in a somewhat poor family. Cesar grew up in Arizona and lived with her parents at a small farm house (United Farm Workers 1). - Over the years, individuals have shown that they can make a difference. People dedicated to the cause are brought up with honor, integrity, and courage. Cesar Chavez is such a person. He represents people, transcends their own needs, and meets the needs of people. Cesar Chavez says the best free form has the highest discipline. He lives according to this standard and fights freedom with the highest dignity and character. He often finds himself on the wrong side of decision-making. A provocative new biography on 'Cesar Chavez Crusade' (Bloomsbury), Miriam Pavel Reevaluated with a Grunge Chavez's Legacy For many years, the basic discourse of Chavez's work has been deeply praised for this cause, deeply meditative It was a narration by writer Jack E. Levi. Former reporter Pawell of the Los Angeles Times fixed a project that studded stars. Her previous work, Alliance of their dreams (2009) explored co-farm workers by focusing on their incumbent orders. After talking to people who helped build the alliance, Pavel critically read many of Chavez's actions. Jorge Chavez was thought to be the country I was born in Peru and was the first hero who tried to jump over the Alps. He crashed on his landing so he did not reach his goal, but his courage and courage was the crucial factor in his career success when he lived. Therefore, in this article we will investigate the performance in Wes' aviation industry and explain how he is fascinated by the aviation industry. - Obertura Republicana of Carlos Chavez is the political motivation of the orchestra. This work is based on Mexican Indian tradition. This work includes arrangement of traditional military parade called Zacatecas, famous Sharon Waltz, Cape Verde Club and revolutionary work Laer derita. After listening several times, I must say that this is a loud, exaggerated, marching, Mexican style voice. For me it is no doubt that it is a country relationship.

Cime criminology and modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cime criminology and modernity - Essay Example When a bank makes a mortgage loan it is balancing risk with probability of repayment in an attempt to maximize profits. Firms engaged in international trade may hold reserves in a variety of currencies to minimize the risk of currency fluctuations. In each of these examples the company in question is trying to minimize risk. The following discussion will focus on the emerging term of risk management and risk minimization in the context of criminology. Initially, the term will be defined. Then the development of the concept will be outlined. Subsequently, the implications of the emergence of the risk minimization paradigm will be explored. Finally, a concluding section will examine the broadest implications of risk minimization for criminology and the future of the view of criminology as the art and science of reducing risk. Risk Management Defined More recently, the term has been adopted by the criminology field. In criminology risk management focuses on assessing the risk to society a given-offender presents and allowing that assessment to define the response of the criminal justice system. For example, offenders identified as the greatest risk to re-offend are treated more harshly and incarcerated or most closely supervised. Those presenting less of a risk are less closely supervised. The idea is to target the majority of resources and interventions at those most likely to act anti-socially in the future. Risk management is deemed to be a useful tool for determining the allocation of resources in the criminal justice system and a useful tool for determining the level of intervention (incarceration, length of incarceration, supervision, and level of supervision) necessary for a given offender. According to Kropp and Kropp (2002) risk management is prevention oriented approach as it attempts to match interventions with the level of risk (of recidivism) that individuals present.2 They define risk assessment as â€Å"the process of speculating in an informed way about the aggressive acts a person might commit and to determine the steps that should be taken to prevent those acts and minimize their negative consequences.†3 In criminological terms seeks to match resources to needs in an effort to minimize risk to society by matching intervention to the likelihood of an individual to commit future anti-social, violent or criminal acts. Robert S Cormier provides a useful summary of the range of contemporary risk assessment:4 Risk assessment has been commonly used to classify offenders in order to place them in suitable levels of institutional security.... Assessments are also done to assist in decisions regarding when and under what conditions an offender might be released from prison into the community, and are used to determine the appropriate treatment interventions and the level of supervision required to maintain an offender safely in the community. Risk assessment is the measurement tool, risk management is the act of pairing interv ention to level of need, and risk minimization is the objective of the risk management school of criminology. The Origins of Risk Management Kropp and Kropp acknowledge that risk management in criminology was initially crude, impoverished and inaccurate.5 Historically, â€Å"

Film Journal Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Journal - Personal Statement Example The motivation factor behind this course of action is to show Fifty Shades of Grey is not advancing modern feminism. My discovery that fits this story particularly is Freud’s treatment of Masochism and sadism in his discussion of sexual aberrations. Christian is a direct embodiment of Oedipus complex. The term is used to signify a child’s desire to have sex with his parents. In our case, Freud might suggest that Christian lacks an outlet that can help him master the Oedipus complex. He thus finds girls and women who can represent his mother and exploits them sexually in order to get the feeling of control of his past and sexuality. Analyzing the movie, The Girl with The Dragon tattoo, I would focus on the incident where Lisbeth is assaulted by her guardian. The movie misses a bold opportunity to project voyeurism in the incidents of recorded or photographed violence. The movie could have revealed more about the real and scary human fascination as well as preoccupation with violence and sex